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Action on Smoking and Health
A National Legal-Action Antismoking Organization Entirely Supported by Tax-Deductible Contributions Info About ASH | ash.org | To Join ASH |
In the most through rebuke to date of the tobacco industry, a jury in the Engle class-action suit in Miami Florida recently found the major cigarette companies liable for regular and punitive damages on every available legal theory including strict liability, fraud and misrepresentation, fraud by concealment, civil conspirary (for both misrepresentation and concealment), breach of both express and implied warranty, negligence, and even intentional infliction of severe emotional distress. Here is the verdict sheet filled out by the jury.
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IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE ELEVENTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT IN AND FOR DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA GENERAL JURISDICTION DIVISION
HOWARD A. ENGLE, M.D., et al., Plaintiffs,
v. R.J. REYNOLDS TOBACCO COMPANY, et al., Defendants. Case No. 94-08273 CA-22 June 17, 1999
VERDICT FORM FOR PHASE I* We, the jury, return the following Verdict: Question No. 1 [Generic Causation] Does smoking cigarettes cause one or more of the following diseases or medical conditions? Aortic Aneurysm Yes _X_ No __
Asthmatic Bronchitis, Yes __ No __X__ as related to COPD
Bladder Cancer Yes __X__ No
__
Cerebrovascular Disease Yes _X___ No __ (including Stroke)
Cervical Cancer Yes __X__ No
__
Chronic Obstructive Yes __X__ No __ Pulmonary Disease - COPD (including Emphysema)
Coronary Heart Disease Yes __X__ No __ (including cardiovascular disease, hardening of the arteries, therosclerosis, coronary artery disease and arteriosclerosis, angina, abnormal blood clotting, blood vessel damage, myocardial infarction (heart attack))
Esophageal (Throat) Cancer Yes __X__ No __ Infertility Yes __ No _X__
Kidney Cancer Yes __X__ No __
Laryngeal (Throat or Voice Yes __X__ No __ Box) Cancer
Lung Cancer Yes __X__ No __
Adenocarcinoma Yes _X___ No
__
Bronchioloalveolar Yes __ No __X__ carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma Yes __X__
No __
Small cell carcinoma Yes __X__
No __
Squamous cell carcinoma Yes _X___
No __
Complications of Pregnancy Yes _X_ No ____ (miscarriage)
Oral Cavity/Tongue Cancer Yes __X__
No __
Pancreatic Cancer Yes __X__
No __
Peripheral Vascular Disease Yes __X__ No __ (including Buerger's Disease)
Pharyngeal Cancer Yes __X__
No __
Stomach Cancer Yes __X__ No
__
If your answer to all of the diseases, above, is "no", your verdict is for the Defendants, and you should not proceed further except to date and sign this verdict form. If you answered "yes" to any of the above questions, please answer the following questions. Question No. 2 [Addiction/Dependence] Are cigarettes that contain nicotine addictive or dependence producing? Yes __X__ No __
Question No. 3 [Strict Liability] Did one or more of the Defendant Tobacco Companies place cigarettes on the market that were defective and unreasonably dangerous? Please answer "Yes" of "No" as to each
Defendant, below. If you answer "yes" to any Defendants, please answer
whether the conduct occurred during one of the following time periods:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes _X__ No __ July 1, 1974
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes _X___ No __ Corporation
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No ____
After July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No __
Both before and after Yes _X___ No __ July 1, 1974
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes _X___ No __ Corporation, as successor to American Tobacco Company
Before July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Lorillard Tobacco Company/ Yes __X__ No __ Lorillard Inc.
Before July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No ____
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes _X___ No __ July 1, 1974
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes _X___ No __ July 1, 1974 Question No. 4 [Fraud and Misrepresentation] Did one or more of the Defendants make
a false statement of a material fact, either knowing the statement was
false or misleading, or being without knowledge as to its truth or falsity,
with the intention of misleading smokers?
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant, below. If you answer "yes" to any Defendants, please answer
whether the conduct occurred during one of the following time periods:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes __X__
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes _X___
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Before May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes _X___ No __ Corporation, as successor to American Tobacco Company
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No ____
Both before and after Yes __X__ No ____ May 5, 1982
Lorillard Tobacco Company/ Yes __X__ No __ Lorillard, Inc.
Before May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No ____
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982 Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Tobacco Institute Yes __X___
No ___
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982 Question No. 4a [Fraud by Concealment] Did one or more of the Defendants conceal or omit material information, not otherwise known or available, knowing the material was false and misleading, or failed to disclose a material fact concerning or proving the health effects and/or addictive nature of smoking cigarettes? Please "Yes" or "No" as to each Defendant,
below. If you answer "yes" to any Defendants, please answer whether the
conduct occurred during one of the following time periods:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes __X__
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes _X___
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No ____
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__ No __ Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation, as successor to American Tobacco Company
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Lorillard Tobacco Company/ Yes __X__ No __ Lorillard, Inc.
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No ____
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes ___X_
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ May 5, 1982
Council for Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Research - U.S.A.
Before May 5, 1982 Yes __X__ No __ After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes _X___ No __ May 5, 1982
Tobacco Institute Yes ___X__
No ___
Before May 5, 1982 Yes _X___
No __
After May 5, 1982 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes ___X_ No __ May 5, 1982 Question No. 5 [Civil Conspiracy-Misrepresentation] Did two or more of the Defendants enter
into an agreement to misrepresent information relating to health effects
of cigarette smoking, or the addictive nature of smoking cigarettes, with
the intention that smokers and members of the public rely to their detriment?
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant, below:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes _X___
No __
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No ____ Corporation as successor to American Tobacco Company Lorillard Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes _X___
No __
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Council for Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Research - U.S.A.
Tobacco Institute Yes __X__ No __ Question No. 5a [Civil Conspiracy-Concealment] Did two or more of the Defendants enter
into an agreement to conceal or omit information regarding the health effects
of cigarette smoking, or the addictive nature of smoking cigarettes, with
the intention that smokers and members of the public rely to their detriment?
Please answer "Yes" of "No" as to each
Defendant, below:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes __X__
No __
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes _X__ No __ Corporation
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation as successor to American Tobacco Company
Lorillard Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Council for Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Research - U.S.A.
Tobacco Institute Yes __X__ No __ Question No. 6 [Breach of Implied Warranty] Did one or more of the Defendant Tobacco
Companies sell or supply cigarettes that were defective in that they were
not reasonably fit for the uses intended?
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant, below. If you answer "yes" to any Defendants, please answer
whether the conduct occurred during any of the following time periods:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
July 1, 1969 thru Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Yes _X___ No __ Company
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
July 1, 1969 thru Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No __
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
July 1, 1969 thru Yes _X___ No __ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation, as successor to American Tobacco Company
Before July 1, 1969 Yes _X___
No __
July 1, 1969 thru Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Lorillard Tobacco Company/ Yes __X__ No __ Lorillard, Inc.
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
July 1, 1969 thru Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969 thru Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No __
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __ No __X__
July 1, 1969 thru Yes __ No _X___ July 1, 1974
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__ No __ Question No. 7 [Breach of Express Warranty] Did one or more of the Defendant Tobacco
Companies sell or supply cigarettes that, at the time of sale or supply,
did not conform to representations of fact made by said Defendant(s), either
orally or in writing?
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant, below. If you answer "yes" to any Defendants, please answer
whether the conduct occurred during one of the following time periods:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __ No ___X_
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes _X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation, as successor to American Tobacco Company
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Lorillard Tobacco Company/ Yes _X___ No __ Lorillard Inc.
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes _X___
No ____
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1974 Yes __ No __X__
After July 1, 1974 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1974 Question No. 8 [Negligence] Have Plaintiffs proven that one or
more of the Defendant Tobacco Companies failed to exercise the degree of
care which a reasonable cigarette manufacturer would exercise under like
circumstances?
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant, below. If you answer "yes" to any Defendants, please answer
whether the conduct occurred during one of the following time periods:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes _X___
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__ No __ After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation, as successor to American Tobacco Company
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969
Lorillard Tobacco Company/ Yes __X__ No __ Lorillard, Inc.
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes __X__ No __ July 1, 1969
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Before July 1, 1969 Yes __ No __X__ After July 1, 1969 Yes __X__
No __
Both before and after Yes _X__ No __ July 1, 1969 Question No. 9 [Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress] Have Plaintiffs proven that one or
more of the Defendant Tobacco Companies engaged in extreme and outrageous
conduct or with reckless disregard to cigarettes sold or supplied to Florida
smokers with the intent to inflict severe emotional distress?
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant, below:
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes __X__
No __
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation as successor to American Tobacco Company
Lorillard Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes _X___
No __
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes _X___ No __ Question No. 10 [Entitlement to Punitive Damages] Under the circumstances of this case,
state below whether the conduct of any Defendant rose to a level that would
permit a potential award or entitlement to punitive damages.
Please answer "Yes" or "No" as to each
Defendant
Philip Morris, Incorporated Yes _X___
No __
RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company Yes __X__
No __
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Corporation
Brown & Williamson Tobacco Yes _X___ No __ Corporation as successor to American Tobacco Company Lorillard Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Liggett Group, Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Brooke Group, Ltd., Inc. Yes __X__
No __
Council for Tobacco Yes __X__ No __ Research - U.S.A.
Tobacco Institute Yes __X__
No __
SO SAY WE ALL, this _7th_ day
of __July__, 1999
_________________ FOREPERSON
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